Impacts of monoculture cropland to alley cropping agroforestry conversion on soil <scp> N ₂ O </scp> emissions

Monoculture croplands are a major source of global anthropogenic emissions nitrous oxide (N2O), potent greenhouse gas that contributes to ozone depletion. Agroforestry has the potential reduce N2O emissions. Presently, there is no systematic comparison soil between cropland agroforestry and monoculture systems in Central Europe. We investigated effects converting system into alley cropping on fluxes at three sites (each site paired monoculture) Germany, where combined crop rows poplar short-rotation coppice (SRC). measured monthly over 2 years (March 2018–January 2020) using static vented chambers. Annual from ranged 0.21 2.73 kg N ha−1 year−1, whereas 0.34 3.00 year−1. During rotation corn crop, with high fertilization rates, reduced by 9% 56% compared monocultures. This was mainly caused low unfertilized tree rows. Soil were predominantly controlled mineral both systems. Our findings suggest optimized fertilizer input will further enhance for mitigating